Toward Location-Enabled IoT (LE-IoT): IoT Positioning Techniques, Error Sources, and Error Mitigation

The Internet of Things (IoT) has started to empower the future many industrial and mass-market applications. Localization techniques are becoming key add location context IoT data without human perception intervention. Meanwhile, newly-emerged Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) technologies have advantages such as long-range, low power consumption, cost, massive connections, capability for communication in both indoor outdoor areas. These features make LPWAN signals strong candidates localization However, there various error sources that limited performance by using signals. This paper reviews system through following sequence: review -- algorithms mitigation evaluation. Compared related surveys, this a more comprehensive state-of-the-art on methods, an original mitigation, evaluation, applications, opportunities, challenges. Thus, survey provides guidance peers who interested enabling ability existing systems, systems localization, or integrating with sensors.